Diseases

What Are the Symptoms of Tongue-Tie? Tongue-tie symptoms include restricted tongue movement, feeding difficulties, nipple pain, and possible articulation problems in older children. The tongue may not lift, extend, or move sideways normally. Its tip can appear heart-shaped when raised or pushed forward. Babies may struggle to latch, click during feeding, or gain weight slowly. […]

What Is Whooping Cough? Whooping cough is a contagious airway infection caused mainly by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis. The bacteria spread through respiratory particles released during coughing, sneezing, or close contact. They attach to the upper airway and produce toxins that damage protective cilia. This process causes swelling, mucus accumulation, and intense coughing episodes. Early […]

How Does FMF Develop? FMF develops when inherited MEFV gene changes disrupt the body’s normal control of inflammation. The MEFV gene helps produce pyrin, a protein involved in innate immune regulation. Certain variants make inflammatory pathways activate too easily, especially pathways involving interleukin-1. This causes sudden inflammation without an infection or external injury. The inflammation […]